Low energy electron diffraction study of high index copper surfaces underneath graphene

After growth of graphene by chemical vapour deposition on copper foil, Cu(4 1 0) facets were distinguished from Cu(1 0 0) facets using the low energy electron diffraction technique. Evolution of the diffraction patterns was studied after oxidation of the Cu substrate and subsequent annealing in ultrahigh vacuum. An ordered Cu(4 1 0)-O phase was then identified. The distinction between Cu(4 1 0) and Cu(4 1 0)-O is relevant in determination of the coupling between graphene and the substrate.