Characterization of doping levels in heteronuclear, gas-phase, van der Waals clusters and their energy absorption from an intense optical field

Doped clusters are important in the context of enhancements in the emission of energetic charged particles and photons upon interaction with intense laser pulses. However, quantification of dopants has hitherto remained elusive. We report a simple method to achieve such quantification and illustrate it with reference to water-doped argon clusters.