Cryogenic receive coil and low noise preamplifier for MRI at 0.01Â T

We have investigated the design and construction of liquid nitrogen cooled surface coils made from stranded (litz) copper wire for low field MRI applications. If designed correctly, cooled litz coils can provide a competitive alternative to high temperature superconducting (HTS) coils without the complications associated with flux trapping. Litz coils can also be produced with a wider range of shapes and sizes, and at lower cost. Existing models were verified experimentally for flat spiral coils wound from solid and litz wires, operated at room temperature and 77 K, and then used to design and optimise a cooled receive coil for MRI at 0.01 T (425 kHz). The Q-factor reached 1022 when the coil was cooled to 77 K, giving a bandwidth of just 0.42 kHz, so a low noise JFET preamplifier was developed to provide active damping of the coil resonance and thus minimise image intensity artefacts. The noise contribution of the preamplifier was determined using a method based on resistive sources and image noise analysis. The voltage and current noise were measured to be 1.25 nV/ Hz1/2 and 51 fA/ Hz1/2, respectively, and these values were used to estimate a noise figure of 0.32 dB at the resonant frequency of the cooled coil. The coil was used to acquire 0.01 T spin echo images, first at room temperature and then cooled to 77 K in a low noise liquid nitrogen cryostat. The measured SNR improvement on cooling, by a factor of 3.0, was found to correspond well with theoretical predictions.