Physicochemical and rheological characterization of diesel fuel nanoemulsions at different water and surfactant contents

This work aiming to produce a diesel fuel nanoemulsions with high performance exploited a new preparation technique of low energy emulsification method namely batch addition. This technique helps in production of diesel fuel nanoemulsions has a small water droplet sizes, highly transparent appearance and performance from points of view of physicochemical and rheology behaviors over a period of time as 3 months. To achieve this aim, twenty nanoemulsions were prepared at conditions of water and surfactant contents ranging from [5 to 10] to [4 to 10] wt/wt, of total weight of nanoemulsion, respectively at ambient temperature. The prepared nanoemulsions were evaluated for the rheological behaviors at interval time as 0, 1, 2 and 3 months. The results indicated that the rheological properties of the prepared emulsions behave as non-Newtonian flow in the range of shear rate from 132 to 191 s− 1 with a yield value (τ) ranged from 2.14 to 5.11 D/cm2 at 6 wt% water content, 30 °C and 2 months time laps followed by Newtonian regime.