Structural effects of three carbohydrates in nicotinic acid/water mixed solvents

Density (ρ) and viscosity (η) measurements of bio-active solutes (d-glucose, d-mannitol and d-sucrose) in aqueous nicotinic acid, (Vitamin B3) at 298.15, 308.15 and 318.15 K have been carried out. Using these properties, the apparent molar volume (ϕV), the partial molar volume (ϕV0), the partial molar volume of transfer (ΔϕV0) of carbohydrates from water to aqueous nicotinic acid solution were calculated. A plausible mechanism for the reaction of carbohydrates in aqueous nicotinic acid is also suggested along with the interaction of the product with water. The viscosity B-coefficients of Jones-Dole equation and the molar refraction (R) of the solutions have been computed for the interpretation of solute-solvent interactions. The structure-making or breaking capacity of carbohydrates in the solution has been discussed. All these parameters are used to study solute-solvent and solute-solute interactions in the aforementioned mixtures.