Secondary electron yield enhancement by MgO capping layers

The yield of secondary electrons emitted from an epitaxial three monolayer (3 ML) NiO(1 0 0)/Ag(1 0 0) film excited by soft X-ray linearly polarized synchrotron radiation at the Ni L2,3 absorption threshold has been measured for different values of the thickness of a MgO(1 0 0) capping layer. Compared with the as grown 3 ML NiO(1 0 0)/Ag(1 0 0) film, we observe a significant enhancement by about a factor 1.2 of the secondary electron emission for the capped 8 ML MgO(1 0 0)/3 ML NiO(1 0 0)/Ag(1 0 0) sample. A further substantial yield enhancement by a factor 1.6 with respect to the uncapped NiO sample is observed after deposition of an additional 8 ML MgO(1 0 0) film, for a total capping layer thickness of 16 ML. The observed secondary electron yield enhancement is discussed in terms of modified electronic structure, surface work function changes, and characteristic electron propagation lengths.