Development and evaluation of thymol-chitosan hydrogels with antimicrobial-antioxidant activity for oral local delivery

•Thymol-chitosan hydrogels with antimicrobial-antioxidant activity were developed.•Swelling behavior, viscoelastic properties and thermal analysis highlight its advantages for biomedical application.•Thymol release provides antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans.•Thymol-chitosan hydrogels are biocompatible when exposed to [3T3] fibroblasts.

Nowadays, the research of innovative drug delivery devices is focused on the design of multiple drug delivery systems, the prevention of drug side effects and the reduction of dosing intervals. Particularly, new mucosal delivery systems for antimicrobials, antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs has a growing development, regards to the avoidance of side effects, easy administration and a suitable drug concentration in the mucosa. In this work, chitosan hydrogels are evaluated as a biodegradable scaffold and as a bioactive agent carrier of an antioxidant-antimicrobial compound called thymol.Throughout the study, swelling behavior, viscoelastic properties and thermal analysis are highlighted to present its advantages for a biomedical application. Furthermore, the in vitro results obtained indicate that thymol-chitosan hydrogels are biocompatible when exposed to [3T3] fibroblasts, exhibit antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans for 72 h and antioxidant activity for 24 h. These are desirable properties for a mucosal delivery system for an antimicrobial-antioxidant dual therapy for periodontal disease.

Graphical abstractSchematic representation of the synthesis of chitosan hydrogelsDownload high-res image (50KB)Download full-size image