Avoiding ambient air and light induced degradation in high-efficiency polymer solar cells by the use of hydrogen-doped zinc oxide as electron extraction material

Hydrogen-doping of ZnO significantly boosts the efficiency while simultaneously strengthens the stability of polymer solar cells. Stemming from synergistic effects, the hydrogen-doped ZnO electron extraction material offers several advantages over its un-doped counterpart including less density of surface traps and defects at grain boundaries followed by removal of adsorbed oxygen species, more efficient charge separation and better electron extraction/transport capability.319