Enhanced magnetocaloric effect with the high tunability of bismuth in La0.8Na0.2Mn1−xBixO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.06) perovskite manganites

Moreover, a wide variation in the magnetic entropy change with respect to temperature has been noticed and it indicates a significant magnetocaloric effect. The maximums of the magnetic entropy change −ΔSM at μ0H = 5 T are 4.73 J/Kg K, 4.77 J/Kg K and 5.20 J/Kg K for x = 0, 0.03 and 0.06 at 335 K, 325 K and 315 K, respectively. The RCP values of our current compounds are 241 J Kg−1, 218 J Kg−1 and 229 J Kg−1 with negligible hysteresis losses, thus offering the opportunity to use them in the magnetic refrigeration. The master curve investigations display the collapse of the entire curves in the same plot to convey the second order transition of the compounds.