Electric and optical properties of Er3+- and Er3+/Yb3+-modified PSN-PMN-PT crystals

PSN-PMN-PT, Er3+-, and Er3+/Yb3+-modified PSN-PMN-PT crystals were grown by using the flux method. The effects of Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ modification on the crystal structure, electric, and optical properties were investigated. Phase structure of all the crystals was determined as a pure perovskite structure by the XRD. The dielectric properties of the PSN-PMN-PT crystals along [100]-orientation were enhanced significantly, and the Pr increased from 24.2 to 30.99 and 28.5 μC/cm2, respectively by the Er3+ and Er3+/Yb3+ modification. The specific absorption at the UV-VIS-NIR band and the strong green and red UC PL at 980 nm laser excitation were observed in the Er3+- and Er3+/Yb3+-modified PSN-PMN-PT crystals. The UC emission mechanisms of these modified PSN-PMN-PT crystals were also discussed.