Lean rules extraction methodology for lean PSS design via key performance indicators monitoring

Lean PSS (Product-Service System) design comprises a promising strategy for delivering sustainable PSS offerings, considering several well-established lean practices. However, automated ways to apply lean practices and more specifically lean rules in industry are limited. This work proposes a methodology for improving the leanness of PSS design, by combining real-time KPI monitoring with lean principles and practices. Through a correlation of typical wastes with the metrics used in the calculation of KPIs, the Total Leanness Index (TLI) of the procedures is defined. Based on automatically identified trade-off values for TLI, lean rules are extracted to improve the performance of PSS lifecycle phases. The proposed lean rules extraction methodology (LeanREM) is validated through a case study of power waste reduction and the concurrently maintenance time decrease in a mould-making company.