A pull system inventory model with carbon tax policies and imperfect quality items

This paper develops a new inventory model with carbon tax policy and imperfect quality items in which the buyer exerts power over its supplier. It employs an order overlapping scheme to avoid shortages, overcomes some flaws in the literature, and develops two efficient solution algorithms. It also investigates different carbon tax systems on the performance of the model. Numerical results are discussed to bring some managerial insights.