Optimal design of energy conversion units for residential buildings considering German market conditions

We compare our model with the original formulation regarding a pure cost minimization and a forced reduction of CO2 emissions for three new buildings located in Germany. The results imply that the considered subsidies strongly support the installation of PV modules and CHP units. Without these subsidies, batteries and solar thermal collectors become more important. Additionally, the findings illustrate that the new storage model is slightly more accurate, but only marginally affects the total annual costs and required computing times. The conducted sensitivity analysis has shown that the obtained results are relatively robust to variations in energy tariff costs and demands.