Development of the smart photovoltaic system blind and its impact on net-zero energy solar buildings using technical-economic-political analyses

It is expected that the rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems can realize net-zero energy solar buildings (nZESBs), but it is not enough by itself. To realize 100% of nZESBs, the smart photovoltaic system blind (SPSB) was proposed to generate electricity in the PV system and to reduce indoor cooling demands through the shading effect in the blind system. Before its implementation, this study aims to investigate the impact of the proposed SPSB on nZESBs, which is conducted in three ways (i.e., technical, economic, and political analyses). The detailed results can be summarized as follows: (i) technical analysis: when applying the SPSBCIGS&2-axis (which represents the SPSB with the copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS) PV panel and the two-axis tracking system), its energy self-sufficiency rate was determined to be 1.25-2.31 times superior to other alternatives; (ii) economic analysis: in terms of the NPV25 (net present value at year 25), SPSBCIGS&2-axis was determined to be 1.41-2.97 times superior to others; in terms of the SIR25 (savings-to-investment ratio at year 25), 1.14-1.26 times; and in terms of the break-even point, 1.4-3.0 years; and (iii) political analysis: the grid-connected utilization plan including solar renewable energy certificates (GCincl.SREC plan) was determined to improve the economic profitability of the proposed SPSB.