Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5477060 | Energy | 2017 | 13 Pages |
Abstract
This paper investigates how an extensive implementation of net Zero Energy Buildings (ZEBs) affects cost-optimal investments in the Scandinavian energy system towards 2050. Analyses are done by a stochastic TIMES model with an explicit representation of the short-term uncertainty related to electricity supply and heat demand in buildings. We define a nearly ZEB to be a highly efficient building with on-site PV production. To evaluate the flexibility requirement of the surrounding energy system, we consider no use of energy storage within the ZEBs. The results show that ZEBs reduce the investments in non-flexible hydropower, wind power and Combined Heat and Power, and increase the use of direct electric heating and electric boilers. With building integrated PV production of 53Â TWh in 2050, ZEBs increase the Scandinavian electricity generation by 16Â TWh and increase the net electricity export by 19Â TWh. Although the increased production reduces the electricity prices, the low heat demand in ZEBs gives a drop in the electricity consumption by 4Â TWh in 2050. Finally, the results demonstrate that the Scandinavian energy system is capable of integrating a large amount of ZEBs with intermittent PV production due to the flexible hydropower in Norway and Sweden.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Energy
Energy (General)
Authors
Pernille Seljom, Karen Byskov Lindberg, Asgeir Tomasgard, Gerard Doorman, Igor Sartori,