Assesment of the use of zero-emission vehicles and microbial fertilizers in beverage production

Energy utilization and the subsequent CO2 emissions are calculated based on the data adapted from the literature for the entire farm-to glass-production chain of ten beverages. The calculations are then repeated for the cases where chemical fertilizers are replaced with their microbial counterparts and the vehichles and the agricultural equipment are replaced with their zero-emission counterparts. These replacements are estimated to reduce energy utilization from 18,393 to 3508 MJ/t and the emission from 493 to 43 kg CO2/t in powdered coffee drink production. If the same replacements are implemented globally and the same average reductions, e.g., 38.1% as calculated in this study are achieved, 0.84 Gt/year of greenhouse gas emission may be prevented globally.