Utilization and selection of proper fly ash in cost effective green HTPP-ECC design

In addition to flexural properties, multiple cracking potential of composites were compared by counting the average crack number and residual crack widths at unloaded condition. A fiber distribution analysis has also been performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for each composite and associated with the flexural performances. Finally, CO2 emissions and costs of composites have been compared by considering a conventional concrete mix design (C25/30) and frequently used PVA-ECCs in the literature. Results showed that physical and chemical properties of fly ash, directly affects the performance of composites both in fresh and hardened state and F type fly ash was found more advantageous in producing HTPP-ECC compared to C type fly ash employed in this study. Cost effective green HTPP-ECCs having flexural strengths up to 11.5 MPa and deflection capacity between 8.5 and 11.5 mm can be obtained by a proper design.