Network charging and residential tariffs: A case of household photovoltaics in the United Kingdom

Our analysis demonstrates that, similar to other studies conducted around the world, the increase in the solar PV resulted in a transfer of wealth and costs between customer groups. Due to their own production, UK solar PV consumers yield a lower share of the per kWh costs of the distribution system which leads to the increase of per unit charges as well as the changes in the distribution of their payment between different types of households.