Non-sulphide zeolite catalyst for bio-jet-fuel conversion

In recent years, the production of bio-aviation fuels has received increased attention because of its renewability and environmental benefits. Catalytic hydrocracking is a convenient way to produce bio-jet fuel from vegetable oil. Among the different types of catalysts, sulphided zeolites showed more catalytic activity for bio-fuel conversion. However, the uses of different sulphiding agents in this process causes the emission of H2S gas and exposes the environment to sulphur residues, which are responsible for pollution and the greenhouse effect. Conversely, various non-sulphide zeolite catalysts, such as noble metal supported on ZSM-5, HZSM-5, SAPO-11, beta- zeolite, SBA-15 and mesoporous-Y zeolite, also showed considerable activity for bio-fuel conversion. Therefore, it is time to improve the non-sulphide zeolite catalysts for the production of bio-jet fuel to combat fuel recession and mitigate environmental problems. Several good reviews are available on the catalytic conversion of bio-jet fuel. This review is distinct from the previous ones, as it combines most of the previous reviews, illustrates the different supported non-sulphide zeolite-type catalysts and their preparation methods, characteristics and performance in bio-jet fuel production.