Temperature, radiation and aging analysis of the DORIS Ultra Stable Oscillator by means of the Time Transfer by Laser Link experiment on Jason-2

The present paper is focusing on the main physical effects which drive the frequency variations of the Jason-2 USO during its flight, notably over the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA) area. In addition to the effects of radiation we studied the effect of the residual temperature variations, in the range 8-11 °C (measured on-board). A model was established to represent these effects on the short term with empirical coefficients (sensitivities of the USO) to be adjusted. The results of fitting the model over ∼200 10-day periods, from 2008 to 2014, show the sensitivities of the Jason-2 USO to temperature and radiation. The analysis of the 6-year output series of empirical coefficients allows us to conclude that: (i) the temperature to frequency dependence is very stable along time at the level of around −1.2 · 10−12 per °C, (ii) the radiation effects are much lower than those previously detected on the Jason-1 USO with a factor > 10. The swept material used by manufacturers for the Jason-2 quartz oscillator has such properties to avoid non-linear effects >1-2 · 10−12, (iii) the model is available at 1 min or less over the Jason-2 mission, with a level of consistency of 5 · 10−13, which is the average RMS of the post-fit residuals.