Redox regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and its role in the vascular system

Article ID	Journal	Published Year	Pages	File Type
5501890	Free Radical Biology and Medicine	2017	62 Pages	PDF

Abstract

The actin cytoskeleton is critical for form and function of vascular cells, serving mechanical, organizational and signaling roles. Because many cytoskeletal proteins are sensitive to reactive oxygen species, redox regulation has emerged as a pivotal modulator of the actin cytoskeleton and its associated proteins. Here, we summarize work implicating oxidants in altering actin cytoskeletal proteins and focus on how these alterations affect cell migration, proliferation and contraction of vascular cells. Finally, we discuss the role of oxidative modification of the actin cytoskeleton in vivo and highlight its importance for vascular diseases.

Keywords

ECM NF-κB PAO bFGF GSH NAC GPX FAK F-actin WASP GSSG Cys RNS SRF CaMKII GPCRs AP-1 PLC PKC IP3R PAK PKG PDGF NCX SNO MRTF-A TAZ MLCP VSMCs G-actin MLCK LTCC S-nitrosylation GEFs transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif CSK ONOO-Myocardin-related transcription factor GDIS LMW-PTP Diacyglycerol molecule interacting with CasL •NO2 filamentous actin globular actin G-protein-coupled receptors HO•MAPK N-acetyl-cysteine NADPH oxidases O2•−PTPs ROS RTKs Hydrogen peroxide Alpha Sulfenic acid Sulfonic acid Sulfinic acid Phenylarsine oxide YAP BETA Vascular disease Hic-5 Hydroxyl radical Sarcoplasmic reticulum DAG Rho kinase Myosin heavy chain myosin light chain kinase CAM SOD Vascular smooth muscle cells Superoxide Superoxide dismutase actin cytoskeleton Cysteine Gaps Guanine nucleotide exchange factors Non-muscle myosin II Vascular endothelial growth factor Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)platelet-derived growth factor basic fibroblast growth factor nuclear factor-κB serum response factor Myosin light chain phosphatase phospholipase C SERCA Extracellular matrix Sodium-calcium exchanger Methionine MHC Redox regulation MET Nitrogen dioxide Nitric oxide H2O2 calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II protein tyrosine phosphatases Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein GTPase activating proteins activator protein-1 yes-associated protein protein kinase G Protein kinase C mitogen-activated protein kinase Peroxynitrite Disulfide bond Calmodulin p21-activated kinase focal adhesion kinase Gamma Glutathione glutathione disulfide glutathione peroxidase reactive nitrogen species Reactive oxygen species Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor receptor tyrosine kinases Rock