Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5502926 | Journal of the Neurological Sciences | 2017 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis involves proliferation, survival, differentiation and integration of newborn neurons into pre-existing neuronal networks. Although its functional significance in the central nervous system (CNS) has not comprehensively elucidated, adult neurogenesis has been attributed a role in cognition, learning and memory. There is a growing body of evidence that CNS resident as well as peripheral immune cells participate in regulating hippocampal adult neurogenesis. Microglial cells are closely associated with neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) in the neurogenic niche engaged in a bidirectional communication with neurons, which may be important for adult neurogenesis. Microglial and neuronal crosstalk is mediated in part by CX3CL1/CX3CR1 signaling and a disruption in this pathway has been associated with impaired neurogenesis. It has been also reported that microglial neuroprotective or neurotoxic effects in adult neurogenesis occur in a context-dependent manner. Apart from microglia other brain resident and peripheral immune cells including pericytes, perivascular macrophages, mast cells and T-cells also modulate this phenomenon. It is worth mentioning that under some physiological circumstances such as normal aging there is a significant decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. A role for innate and adaptive immune system in adult neurogenesis has been also reported during aging. Here, we review the current evidence regarding neuro-immune interactions in the regulation of neurogenesis under distinct conditions, including aging.
Keywords
TIM-4PS1TLRSGZPRRNBSMHC-IISox2NLRNSPCTIMP-1hUCBNeuroblastsCcl11CX3CL1GITREotaxinCR3LTC4VPAC1IL-34CSF-1RTNFTGF-βbrain-specific angiogenesis inhibitor 1IFN-γVIPIL-6IL-4IL-1PSA-NCAMIGF-1DcxBDNFMAPKpresenilin 1ROSinterleukin 1Interleukin 4interleukin 6BrdUbromodeoxyuridineTransforming Growth Factor Betacomplement component 3Human umbilical cord blooddoublecortinAgingneural stem/progenitor cellsT-cellsdentate gyrusInsulin growth factor 1brain derived neurotrophic factorVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)tumor necrosis factorphosphatidylinositol-3-kinaseLeukotriene C4subgranular zoneSex determining region Y-box 2Microgliamitogen activated protein kinasevasoactive intestinal peptideInterferon gammaReactive oxygen speciesComplement receptor 3colony stimulating factor-1 receptorpattern recognition receptorsToll-like receptors
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Ageing
Authors
Aline Silva de Miranda, Cun-Jin Zhang, Atsuko Katsumoto, Antônio Lúcio Teixeira,