Energy and information flows in biological systems: Bioenergy transduction of V1-ATPase rotary motor and dynamics of thermodynamic entropy in information flows

We classify research fields in biology with respect to flows of materials, energy, and information. We investigate energy transducing mechanisms in biology, using as a representative the typical molecular rotary motor V1-ATPase from a bacterium Enterococcus hirae. The structures of several intermediates of the rotary motor are described and the molecular mechanism of the motor converting chemical energy into mechanical energy is discussed. Comments and considerations on the information flows in biology, especially on the thermodynamic entropy in quantum physical and biological systems, are presented in section 3 in a biologist friendly manner.