Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Adult Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome Harboring Trisomy 8

•The outcome and prognostic factors of allogeneic HSCT in adult patients with MDS harboring +8 were retrospectively analyzed.•Age > 50 years, 2 or more additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and a high risk at the time of HSCT according to the FAB/WHO classification were significantly associated with a higher overall mortality.•No significant impact on the outcome was observed in cases with 1 cytogenetic abnormality in addition to +8.•Although more than half of the patients had advanced MDS at the time of HSCT, allogeneic HSCT offered a curative option for adult patients with MDS harboring +8.

Trisomy 8 (+8) is 1 of the most common cytogenetic abnormalities in adult patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). However, the outcome of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in adult patients with MDS harboring +8 remains unclear. To evaluate the outcome and prognostic factors in patients with MDS harboring +8 as the sole cytogenetic abnormality or in association with other abnormalities, we retrospectively analyzed the Japanese registration data of 381 adult patients with MDS harboring +8 treated with allogeneic HSCT between 1990 and 2013. With a median follow-up period of 53 months, the probability of overall survival and cumulative incidence of relapse at 4 years were 51% and 22%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, age > 50 years, 2 or more additional cytogenetic abnormalities, and a high risk at the time of HSCT according to the FAB/WHO classification were significantly associated with a higher overall mortality. Nevertheless, no significant impact of the outcome was observed in patients with 1 cytogenetic abnormality in addition to +8. Although 221 patients (58%) had advanced MDS at the time of HSCT, allogeneic HSCT offered a curative option for adult patients with MDS harboring +8.