| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 55245 | Catalysis Today | 2012 | 6 Pages |
Abstract
An organic acid, p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid, is synthesised from citrus waste and demonstrated to be comparable to p-toluenesulphonic acid in examples of acid catalysis. Firstly the essential oil found in citrus waste is extracted by either steam distillation or microwave irradiation. Oxidising the limonene in the citrus oil to p-cymene followed by sulphonation gives p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid.
Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload high-quality image (264 K)Download as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Limonene was converted to p-cymene. ► Sulphonation of p-cymene gave p-cymene-2-sulphonic acid (p-CSA). ► p-CSA is demonstrated as being a good acid catalyst. ► Hence citrus waste was valourised into a sulphonic acid.
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Catalysis
Authors
James H. Clark, Emma M. Fitzpatrick, Duncan J. Macquarrie, Lucie A. Pfaltzgraff, James Sherwood,