Research paperQuantitative and qualitative analysis of regulatory T cells in B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

•CLL Tregs are further expanded to include CD25−/low expressing CD4+ populations.•CD4+CD25−/lowCD127− cells are associated with advanced disease stage in CLL.•CD4+CD25−/lowCD127− cells show reduced immunosuppressive capacity in CLL.•CLL cells negatively affect Tregs functionality through an immunoediting effect.

Accumulated data indicate a significant role of T cell dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In CLL, regulatory T cells are significantly higher and show lower apoptotic levels compared to healthy donors. We demonstrate that CLL derived CD4+CD25−CD127− and CD4+CD25lowCD127− subpopulations share a common immunophenotypic profile with conventional Tregs and are associated with advanced stage disease. We further provide evidence that the increased number of Tregs contributes indirectly to the proliferation of the CLL clone, by suppressing the proliferation of Teffs which in turn suppress CLL cells. These data are further supported by our observations that CLL derived Tregs appear rather incapable of inducing apoptosis of both normal B cells and CLL cells, in contrast to normal Tregs, suggesting an immunoediting effect of CLL cells on Tregs which negatively affects the functionality of the latter and contributes to the failure of Tregs in CLL to efficiently eliminate the abnormal clone.