Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5540063 | Developmental & Comparative Immunology | 2017 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Here, we identify two new TLRs from the spiny eel Mastacembelus armatus (TLR3 and membrane TLR5M). Both MaTLR3 and MaTLR5M were expressed in all tested tissues; expression was highest in liver and spleen, respectively. After infection with Vibrio parahaemolyticus, expression of both TLRs fluctuated and differed significantly from controls at several time points. The predicted three-dimensional model of the MaTLR3 and MaTLR5M proteins indicates that most sites under positive selection were located in the extracellular domains of TLRs. Evolutionary analysis detected positively selected sites in the ancestral lineages of vertebrates, amphibians and reptiles. Multiple ML methods recovered 10 positively selected sites in teleost TLR3 and 24 in TLR5M, and most sites were located in leucine-rich repeat domain, possibly related to an “arms-race” co-evolution with pathogens.
Keywords
PRRlnLMEMESLACLRRORFsTLR3TLRPAMPRELPBSPDBThree-dimensionalqPCRQuantitative PCRFELLikelihood ratio testslog-likelihoodpathogen-associated molecular patternProtein Databankleucine-rich repeatTIRToll-like receptorMaximum likelihoodtransmembraneOpen reading framesPhosphate buffered salinemixed effects model of evolutionUTR یا untranslated regions untranslated regionpolymerase chain reactionPCRVibrio parahaemolyticusToll/IL-1 receptorPattern-recognition receptorToll-like receptors
Related Topics
Life Sciences
Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Developmental Biology
Authors
Chong Han, Qiang Li, Zhipeng Zhang, Jianrong Huang,