Potential intake of vitamins “A” and “D” through branded intravenous lipid emulsions: Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis

On average, measured retinol content was in the range of 200-1000 μg/L in ILEs (1,2, and 3), whereas it was higher (1000-2000 μg/L) in the ILEs containing fish-oil. Vitamin D content was in the range of 1-10 μg/L in the fish-oil based ILEs, but undetectable in those ILEs containing purely vegetable oils. This study shows that vitamin A and D contents are variably present in ILEs based on their different lipid sources. Both contents should be explicitly mentioned in the products.