Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5589839 | Gene | 2016 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. This study presents a genome-wide assessment of variations in primary colorectal cancer maintained in metastases, even in distant metastases. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intratumor heterogeneity is related to disease progression and metastasis in CRC. The results showed that 882 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated genes and 473 copy number variant (CNV) associated genes specific to metastasis were found. In addition, 57 SNPs mapped to miRNAs showed significant differences between primary tumors and metastases. Functional annotation of metastasis-specific genes suggested that adhesion and immune regulation may be essential in the development of tumors. Moreover, the locus rs12881063 in the fourteenth chromosome was found to have a high rate of the G/C type in metastases. The rate of the G/C type in nearby lymph node metastases was 66.7%, while the rate of the G/C type in distance lymph node metastases was 83.3%. These results indicate that rs12881063 may be the basis for clinical diagnosis of CRC metastasis.
Keywords
TLR2caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9CARD9FLT1PECAM-1BRAFCIMPMSIIRAK1CXCR4TLRTEP1CA2CRNDECTGFfms-related tyrosine kinase 1TrxR1IL11PRKCDNGSPD-L1ERBB2PD-1CNVCCL2FDACpG island methylator phenotypeinterleukin-11Microsatellite instabilityChromosomal instabilitythioredoxin reductaseNext generation sequencingToll-like receptorCinCAMFood and Drug AdministrationColorectal cancerConnective tissue growth factorbiological processMetastasisprogrammed cell death 1Genome-wide association studiesGWASplatelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1Cell adhesion moleculeCopy number variantGene ontologyProtein kinase CSingle nucleotide polymorphismSNPCRCcarbonic anhydrase IIinterleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1Toll-like receptor 2chemokine receptor 4
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Authors
Zhai Cai, Shuai Han, Zhou Li, Linyun He, Jiajing Zhou, Wenhua Huang, Yichun Xu,