Novel Findings in HIV, Immune Reconstitution Disease and Strongyloides stercoralis Infection

We report the successful treatment of an HIV-infected patient with progressive strongyloidiasis as a component of immune reconstitution disease and a review of the literature on this topic. In our experience, pre- and post-antiretroviral therapy intestinal biopsies support a novel mechanism of immune reconstitution disease to Strongyloides stercoralis. We conclude that extended, dual antihelminthic therapy and temporary discontinuation of antiretroviral therapy may be effective in similar patients.