Ventricular Rotation Is Independent of Cardiac Looping: A Study in Mice With Situs Inversus Totalis Using Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography

These results show that mirror-image cardiac looping did not result in mirror-image rotation of the morphologic left ventricle. These findings suggest that further studies are warranted to evaluate whether fiber orientation and cardiac mechanics may be abnormal in individuals with reversal of cardiac situs. The results of this study indicate that cardiac looping and myofiber orientation may be independently regulated.