Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment of Normal Mitral Medtronic Hancock II, Medtronic Mosaic, and Carpentier-Edwards Perimount Bioprostheses Early after Implantation

These cutoff values (mean + 2 standard deviation) are specific, but not sensitive, for identifying mitral valve prosthesis dysfunction. Prostheses with hemodynamic values that are higher than these cutoff values are likely dysfunctional, but in select cases, mitral valve prosthesis dysfunction may be present even when hemodynamic values are lower than these thresholds.