Validation of Conventional and Simplified Methods to Calculate Projected Valve Area at Normal Flow Rate in Patients With Low Flow, Low Gradient Aortic Stenosis: The Multicenter TOPAS (True or Pseudo Severe Aortic Stenosis) Study

In patients with low-flow AS, AVAproj better predicts underlying AS severity and patient outcomes than traditional dobutamine stress echocardiographic indices. Simplified AVAproj is easier to calculate than conventional AVAproj, facilitating the use of AVAproj in clinical practice.