The effect of paravertebral block on maxillofacial free flap survival

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether continuous paravertebral block at levels T1 and T2 with bupivacaine infusion can improve the survival of free flaps in maxillofacial reconstruction. The study was designed as a randomized controlled trial and included 36 adult patients scheduled for maxillofacial free flap reconstruction under general anesthesia. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: patients in group A received continuous paravertebral block at levels T1 and T2, while patients in group B served as controls. Postoperatively, a skin thermometer was used to assess the skin temperature. Perfusion of the flaps was evaluated by analysis of skin color, turgor, and capillary refill. Survival of the free flap was recorded. The surface temperature of the reconstructive flap, skin color score, and capillary refill score were significantly higher in group A patients than in group B patients during follow-up. The total perfusion score was significantly higher in group A than in group B at 16 h and 20 h postoperative (P = 0.041 and P = 0.039, respectively). Re-operation was recorded in three cases in group B (16.7%) (P = 0.031). Continuous paravertebral block at levels T1 and T2 can increase the skin temperature and improve skin color and capillary refilling, which are indices of adequate tissue perfusion and indicate maxillofacial free flap survival.