Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5646766 | Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology | 2016 | 14 Pages |
Abstract
The pathogenesis of allergic diseases entails an ineffective tolerogenic immune response to allergens. Regulatory T (Treg) cells play a key role in sustaining immune tolerance to allergens, yet mechanisms by which Treg cells fail to maintain tolerance in patients with allergic diseases are not well understood. We review current concepts and established mechanisms regarding how Treg cells regulate different components of allergen-triggered immune responses to promote and maintain tolerance. We will also discuss more recent advances that emphasize the “dual” functionality of Treg cells in patients with allergic diseases: how Treg cells are essential in promoting tolerance to allergens but also how a proallergic inflammatory environment can skew Treg cells toward a pathogenic phenotype that aggravates and perpetuates disease. These advances highlight opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies that aim to re-establish tolerance in patients with chronic allergic diseases by promoting Treg cell stability and function.
Keywords
FOXP3ICOSTr1TconvnTregIL-4RαiTregLAG-3CTLA-4ILC2TregInduced regulatory TTLRSCFANatural regulatory TIL-4 receptor α chainTCrIL-4MYD88RORAsthmaFood allergySTATshort-chain fatty acidgerm-freeToll-like receptorforkhead box P3CNSDendritic cellregulatory T cellsTH2 cellsSignal transducer and activator of transcriptionRegulatory T type 2 innate lymphoid cellmyeloid differentiation primary response gene 88cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4Lymphocyte activation gene 3T-cell receptorRetinoic acid–related orphan receptor
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Authors
Magali PhD, Talal A. MD, MSc,