Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
5658778 | Gastroenterology | 2017 | 34 Pages |
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract, the key interface between ingested nutrients and the body, plays a critical role in regulating energy homeostasis. Gut-derived signals convey information regarding incoming nutrients to the brain, initiating changes in eating behavior and energy expenditure, to maintain energy balance. Here we review hormonal, neural, and nutrient signals emanating from the gastrointestinal tract and evidence for their role in controlling feeding behavior. Mechanistic studies that have utilized pharmacologic and/or transgenic approaches targeting an individual hormone/mediator have yielded somewhat disappointing body weight changes, often leading to the hormone/mediator in question being dismissed as a potential obesity therapy. However, the recent finding of sustained weight reduction in response to systemic administration of a long-acting analog of the gut-hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 highlights the therapeutic potential of gut-derived signals acting via nonphysiologic mechanisms. Thus, we also review therapeutics strategies being utilized or developed to leverage gastrointestinal signals in order to treat obesity.
Keywords
GPCRDPP-4PYYEECFFARdes-acyl ghrelinT1RENSGIPDIOT2DGLP-1CB1ROxyntomodulinCCKoleoylethanolamideSCFAApo A-IVT2ROXMOEAApolipoprotein A-IVBile acidsUroguanylinGoatCNSGastrointestinal tractType 2 diabetesdipeptidyl peptidase 4DAGShort chain fatty acidenteroendocrine cellsEnteroendocrine cellenteric nervous systemcentral nervous systemObesityneurotensinglucagon-like peptide-1peptide YYGastrointestinal peptidesdiet-induced obesitycholecystokininglucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptideGuanylinfree fatty acid receptor
Related Topics
Health Sciences
Medicine and Dentistry
Gastroenterology
Authors
Mariana P. Monteiro, Rachel L. Batterham,