The prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections in mainland China: Systematic review and meta-analysis

•This is the first time to present the epidemiology information of NTM infection in Mainland China.•We identified dramatic NTM prevalence and species' compositions variance in different regions.•We draw beautiful intendancy curves of NTM prevalence along the coastal provinces.

SummaryDespite increasing attention towards the non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) diseases, the overall epidemiological information remains unavailable for China. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted using data of 105 qualified publications from Chinese mainland. The assay demonstrated that the prevalence of NTM infections among tuberculosis suspects was 6.3% (5.4%-7.4%) in mainland, while the Southeastern region had the highest NTM prevalence at 8.6% (7.1%-10.5%). In Northern China, slow growing mycobacteria (SGM) consistituted 63.7% of all the NTM isolates, while this rate in Southern China was 53.0%. More rapid growing mycobacteria (RGM) were present in southern China than the northern (χ2 = 57.996, P < 0.001). According to the coastal provinces' data (from north to south), the NTM prevalence rate and the number of isolated NTM species increased apparently in accordance with geographic latitude. The information obtained in this assay will facilitate the NTM disease diagnosis and screening policy making in China.