The shocked patient

Prompt recognition of the shocked patient and administration of therapy is essential. Haemodynamic stabilization and correction of the underlying cause should be based on the pathophysiological processes that are occurring. Monitoring the patient's response to treatment depends on careful observation in a high-dependency area along with serial lactate measurements. By optimizing treatment of circulatory shock, its significant morbidity and mortality can be improved. Here, we give an overview of circulatory shock, recognition of the shocked patient and principles of treatment, and explore some of the underlying causes of shock and their management.