Pleural Effusions from Patients with Mesothelioma Induce Recruitment of Monocytes and Their Differentiation into M2 Macrophages

These results demonstrate the implication of CCL2 in MPM pathogenesis and designate M-CSF as a new potential biomarker of MPM. This study also identifies CCL2 and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor/M-CSF as interesting new targets to modulate pro-tumorigenic properties of the tumor microenvironment.