Three-dimensional preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation for total shoulder arthroplasty

Three-dimensional (3D) imaging and implant templating along with patient specific instrumentation improves the accuracy of bone preparation and placement of the glenoid implant when compared to two-dimensional (2D) imaging without templating. Various type of patient specific instrumentation have been created. To date all provide equal accuracy. Some types of patient specific instrumentation are more cost effective and require less time to deliver the technology. This review article describes the technology and the clinical data published to date.