Update on subaxial cervical trauma classification systems

Injury classification systems guide management, predict prognosis, and allow for communication between providers. Several classification systems for subaxial cervical trauma have been described. Historically, classifications focused on osseous morphology, inferred mechanism of action, and stability. Later, neurologic status of the patient and integrity of the posterior ligamentous complex were described as important determinants of treatment. This article will detail important historic classifications, the Subaxial Injury Classification (SLIC) and Severity Scale, and the novel AOSpine Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System.