Hypoperfusion in response to epinephrine in local anaesthetics: Investigation of dependence on epinephrine concentration, spread of hypoperfusion and time to maximal cutaneous vasoconstriction

Local anaesthetic with an epinephrine concentration of approximately 10 μg/ml appears to be adequate for vasoconstriction before surgery. Incisions were required to be delayed only for 2 min following local anaesthetic with epinephrine in pigs. The remaining 25% blood perfusion observed after the administration of epinephrine supports the use of epinephrine in flaps with a small pedicle. Obviously, these experimental findings must be clinically assessed before being considered for infiltration anaesthesia during plastic surgery procedures.