Incidence, recurrence and risk factors of hernias following stoma reversal

BackgroundTo determine the incidence and risk factors for stoma site (SSH) and incisional (IH) hernias following stoma reversal as well as their recurrence following repair.MethodsA cohort of VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program patients undergoing stoma reversal from 2002 to 2014 were evaluated at a single institution. Variables were selected a priori and evaluated by univariate analyses.ResultsOf 114 stoma reversals, 63 utilized a midline approach. The incidence of SSH and IH was 9.6% and 31.7% over a median follow-up of 5.7 (0.5-14) and 4.0 (0.1-14) years, respectively. Five SSH and 10 IH were repaired with no recurrences. Myofascial release and superficial surgical site infections (SSI) were associated with SSH while body mass index, preoperative radiotherapy, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3, operative duration ≥2.5 h and deep SSIs were associated with IH.ConclusionsIncisional hernia incidence after stoma reversal is high for both the stoma site and midline. Risk factors differ for each hernia type. A low recurrence rate exists in short term follow-up following repair of a hernia occurrence.