Isoflurane neurotoxicity involves activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1α via intracellular calcium in neonatal rodents

HIF-1α activation via cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathway play a role in the mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rodents, suggesting HIF-1α as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of the deleterious effects of prolonged exposures to anesthetics.