Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
575199 | Journal of Hazardous Materials | 2016 | 10 Pages |
Abstract
Low molecular weight phthalates, such as diethyl phthalate (DEP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBzP), or diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), are suspected to disrupt endocrine system. However, their adverse effects on sex steroid hormones and underlying mechanisms are not well-documented. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of major low molecular weight phthalates (LMWPs), i.e., DEP, BBzP, and DiBP, and their hydrolytic metabolites, on sex steroid hormone system, employing male zebrafish and/or a human adrenocortical carcinoma (H295R) cell. In male zebrafish, 14-day exposure to DEP, BBzP, or DiBP significantly decreased testosterone (T) concentrations. All test compounds significantly up-regulated cyp19a gene expression, and down-regulated star and 3β hsd genes in the male fish. In H295R cell, all test compounds except monoisobutyl phthalate (MiBP) reduced T concentrations and increased E2/T ratio. Gene expression changes in H295R cell, e.g., significant down-regulation of StAR gene and up-regulation of CYP19A gene, supported depressed synthesis of sex hormones in the adrenal cell. Our results show that not only DEP, BBzP, and DiBP, but also their hydrolytic metabolites disrupt sex hormone balances through modulating key steroidogenic genes in the human adrenal cells and in zebrafish.
Keywords
dibutyl phthalate3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenaseH295R cellCYP17di-n-butyl phthalateMBzPMiBPBBzPDnBP17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenaseVitellogenin18S rRNACYP11ADIBPDEPqRT-PCRDMPDBPMEPcyp19a17β-estradiolDMEM/F12DMSO18S ribosomal RNAbenzylbutyl phthalateANOVAone-way analysis of varianceEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assayELISAtestosteroneDiethyl phthalatediisobutyl phthalatedimethyl phthalateDimethyl sulfoxideStarCHO cellChinese hamster ovary cellCytochrome P450Fishmonoethyl phthalatemonobenzyl phthalateSex hormonesquantitative real-time polymerase chain reactionvtgSteroidogenic acute regulatory proteinPVCPolyvinyl chloride
Related Topics
Physical Sciences and Engineering
Chemical Engineering
Chemical Health and Safety
Authors
Juhae Sohn, Sujin Kim, Jan Koschorreck, Younglim Kho, Kyungho Choi,