Ungulates from Teixoneres Cave (Moià , Barcelona, Spain): Presence of cold-adapted elements in NE Iberia during the MIS 3

The faunal association of unit III was compared with other Iberian and Western European fossil assemblages that included C. antiquitatis and/or M. primigenius, by means of multivariate statistical analysis. The Teixoneres unit III assemblage reflects a faunal mixture in which temperate ungulate species are predominant and cold-adapted taxa are very scarce. This pattern is the same that can be observed in most of the Iberian analyzed assemblages and does not reflect the typical faunal composition of the Eurasian mammoth steppe, suggesting that that cold-adapted taxa only reached the Peninsula occasionally, during the coldest episodes of the Pleistocene, cohabiting with the local faunas instead of replacing them.