Pistachio Shell Carbon (PSC) - an agricultural adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution

The Pistachio Shell Carbon (PSC) is used for the removal of Pb (II) from aqueous solution. The effects of concentration, pH, doses dose and temperature have been studied. The morphology of the surface of the adsorbent was characterized by FTIR. The PSC was characterized by FTIR to determine the presence of functional groups. The highest maximum adsorption capacity of 24 mg g−17.9 mg g−1 7.9 mg g−1 of Pb (II) was recorded at pH 6. The point of zero charge for PSC was observed at pH 5.0. the total number of acidic and basic sites available on adsorbent was also reported. The equilibrium was attained in 180 min. The adsorption data were applied to various isotherms model such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and the data was best described by Langmuir isotherm model. Langmuir model, Freundlich model, Temkin model were applied to describe the adsorption process. The data was best fitted by Langmuir Isotherm model. In order to examine the controlling mechanism of adsorption process pseudo -first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic equation were used to test the experimental data. The result indicates that the adsorption data follows pseudo-second order kinetics. The positive value of ∆H° and ∆S° for the adsorption of Pb(II) ion indicates endothermic nature and the randomness at solid/liquid solution. The adsorbent could be desorbed 82.9% of Pb(II) ion by 0.1 M HCl.