Fault dip angle determination with the jℛi criterion and coulomb stress changes associated with the 2015 Mw 7.9 Gorkha Nepal earthquake revealed by InSAR and GPS data

Minimizing data misfit has been widely used in geodetic determination of fault dip angle, however, it ignores the contribution from data noise. Here, we use the jℛi criterion, which takes into account both data misfit and the contribution from data noise, to determine dip angle. Synthetic tests show dip angle estimates with the jℛi criterion are more accurate and robust than those with data misfit minimization. We applied this jℛi criterion to the determination of the dip angle of the 2015 Mw 7.9 Gorkha Nepal earthquake using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Global Positioning System (GPS) data. The results show that the event ruptured to the north of Kathmandu with a maximum slip value of 5.8 m and a dip angle of 9.5°. We also calculated the coulomb failure stress changes resolved onto the receiver faults that are generally consistent with the fault geometry of this event, suggesting the possible triggering relation to aftershocks with low dip angles and a zone of seismic potential located to the west of the rupture zone.