Effects of cement or lime on Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sb and Zn mobility in field-contaminated and aged soils

► Cement or lime reduces soil-metal mobility through precipitation, adsorption, and pozzolanic reactions and cementation. ► In untreated field contaminated soils extracted with dilute HNO3 or NaOH, Co, Cu, Ni and Pb were leached at alkaline pH. ► Cement or Ca(OH)2 reduced mobility of all metals at high pH, but enhanced mobility of Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn at low pH. ► Below pH 6, Sb mobility was lower in cement-amended soil than in untreated soil and Ca(OH)2-amended soil. ► Reduced mobility of trace elements at high pH is by encapsulation and immobilisation, rather than formation of precipitates.