The detection and characterisation of Neospora /Hammondia-like oocysts from naturally infected dogs within the same urban region of Australia

•First report of a natural infection with H. heydorni in dogs in Australia.•First spatial co-occurrence of N. caninum and H. heydorni in Australia.•Commercial raw meat diet maintaining urban lifecycle.•Molecular characterisation confirmed species identification.

This report describes the detection and molecular characterisation of Neospora/Hammondia-like oocysts from naturally infected dogs. Single faecal samples were collected from 160 individual greyhounds and multiple faecal samples were collected from 5 Labrador litters within a breeding kennel. Microscopy analysis detected Neospora/Hammondia like oocysts in 2 greyhounds and one litter of Labrador puppies. PCR protocols targeting the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS-1) and the large subunit (LSU) rDNA (D2/D3 domains) confirmed the presence of H. heydorni in both greyhounds and N. caninum in the Labrador litter. Dietary information obtained for all positive dogs indicate the source of infection was through regular exposure to a commercially obtained raw meat diet.These results report for the first time a natural infection with H. heydorni in dogs in Australia and also the first co-occurrence of N. caninum and H. heydorni in an Australian urban region.